The Most Dangerous Cyber Threats to Watch for in 2025
Cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, and understanding the risks is essential for businesses of all sizes. Here are some of the most dangerous threats expected to dominate in 2025, along with a breakdown of what they are and why they matter.
Ransomware
Clop Ransomware
Clop ransomware encrypts files and demands a ransom for their decryption. It disables key Windows processes and security applications, making it challenging for organizations to respond quickly. Clop’s ability to target entire networks increases its impact.
Recent Example: A December 2024 attack attributed to the Clop ransomware group exploited vulnerabilities in Cleo Software’s file transfer tools, impacting at least 66 companies. The attackers issued a 48-hour ultimatum for ransom payments, threatening to disclose the identities of affected organizations.
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) operates as a subscription-based business model enabling cybercriminals to deploy pre-built ransomware tools. Developers create ransomware and sell or lease it to affiliates, who then use it to carry out attacks. The attackers often pay the develop a portion of their ransom.
Key Types of RaaS:
- Double Extortion Ransomware: Encrypts data and exfiltrates it, threatening to release sensitive information if the ransom isn’t paid. Examples include Maze and REvil.
- Modular Ransomware: Adapts and changes behavior based on the environment it infects, making it harder to detect and remove. Conti is a notable example.
- Targeted Ransomware: Focuses on specific industries or organizations, often after thorough reconnaissance. Ryuk and LockBit are known for such targeted attacks.
- Ransomware with Worm Capabilities: Spreads across networks without human intervention, similar to a worm. WannaCry and NotPetya are infamous examples.
- Ransomware Leveraging Zero-Day Exploits: Exploits unknown vulnerabilities, making these attacks particularly dangerous. Examples include attacks by groups like DarkSide.
Recent Example: A notable example of RaaS in action was the Thanos ransomware attack in November 2024. Researchers identified a new variant targeting a police department in the UAE. This advanced RaaS tool was customized for the attack, leading to file encryption and a ransom demand.
Malware Disguised as Legitimate Software
Fake Software Updates
Cybercriminals exploit trust in legitimate software updates by creating fake versions to distribute malware. These fake updates can appear for operating systems, browsers, or widely used applications. Known versions exist for Windows OS, Adobe Acrobat, and Chrome. Once executed, these updates may install ransomware, steal credentials, or enable unauthorized system access.
Fleeceware
Fleeceware refers to mobile applications with exorbitant subscription fees that often continue billing users even after the app is uninstalled. While less destructive than traditional malware, fleeceware can lead to significant financial losses for unsuspecting users.
According to TechRadar, back in 2021, Avast researchers discovered over 200 new fleeceware applications for iOS and Android, which had been downloaded approximately 1 billion times and generated over $400 million in revenue. These apps often lure users with a free trial and then charge significant recurring fees
Financial Threats
Banking Trojans
Banking trojans are a category of malware designed to steal financial credentials and personal information, often leading to unauthorized transactions. A successful attack can result in significant financial losses, damage to customer trust, and potential legal liabilities. Over the years, several prominent banking trojans have emerged:
- Zeus: Known for its ability to steal banking credentials by injecting malicious code into legitimate websites.
- Dridex: Recognized for its sophisticated techniques to steal banking credentials and personal information.
- Emotet: Initially a banking trojan, now a versatile distribution platform for other malware.
- TrickBot: A multifunctional trojan targeting financial data.
- QakBot (QBot): Known for its persistence and ability to steal banking credentials.
Emerging and Advanced Threats
Deepfake Exploits
The use of deepfake technology for social engineering attacks, including voice and video impersonations, can lead to significant financial and reputational damage. Cybercriminals use deepfakes to mimic executives or other trusted individuals, convincing victims to transfer funds or disclose sensitive information. These attacks highlight the need for advanced detection tools and awareness training to mitigate their impact.
AI-Powered Malware
AI-driven malware can analyze and learn from the network it infiltrates, allowing it to modify its behavior to avoid detection by traditional security systems. For example, it might mimic normal network traffic to blend in or disable security protocols without raising alarms. This adaptability makes it difficult for standard antivirus and firewall solutions to identify and neutralize the threat.
Once inside a small business’s network, AI-powered malware can cause significant damage. It can steal sensitive data, such as customer information and financial records, disrupt operations by corrupting or encrypting critical files, and even use the compromised network to launch further attacks.
Network and Infrastructure Attacks
IoT Attacks
With the growing adoption of IoT devices, attackers are exploiting vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to networks. When an IoT device is compromised, it can become an entry point for broader attacks on infrastructure. Devices like smart thermostats, security cameras, and VoIP systems can be targeted. These devices often have weak default passwords, outdated firmware, or insecure network services, making them attractive targets for cybercriminals. Once an IoT device is compromised, attackers can move laterally within the network, potentially accessing sensitive business data and disrupting operations
Supply Chain Attacks
Supply chain attacks compromise software or hardware before it reaches the end user. These attacks often infiltrate secure systems indirectly. Vulnerabilities in third-party software or services you rely on can be exploited by attackers. For example, a compromised software update from a vendor can introduce malware into your business’s network. Small businesses are particularly vulnerable because they may not have the resources to thoroughly vet their suppliers or implement advanced security measures. After breaching a supply chain vulnerability, an attacker can navigate through your network for other malicious intent.
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
In MitM attacks, an attacker intercepts communication between two parties to steal or alter information. When attackers intercept information, they often look for credentials, such as usernames and passwords, to gain unauthorized access to accounts. They may also target sensitive data, including personal information, financial details, and proprietary business information. By stealing or altering this information, attackers can commit fraud, steal identities, or disrupt business operations.
Common vulnerabilities include unsecured Wi-Fi networks, outdated software, and lack of encryption.
Resource Exploitation
Cryptojacking
Cryptojacking involves unauthorized use of computing resources to mine cryptocurrencies, degrading system performance and increasing operational costs.
Recent Example: In 2024, a sophisticated cryptojacking operation was uncovered targeting blockchain and cryptocurrency platforms. According to a report by The Block, attackers exploited vulnerabilities in smart contracts to embed mining scripts, leading to significant financial losses and system slowdowns across multiple organizations.
Cloud Resource Hijacking
Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in cloud services to use computing resources for various purposes, including data processing or running unauthorized applications. By exploiting misconfigurations or vulnerabilities, attackers can hijack these resources, leading to increased costs and potential data exposure.
Recent Example In October 2024, there was a report that attackers exploited cloud infrastructure to run rogue chatbot services, leveraging stolen AWS access keys to hijack resources from Amazon Bedrock environments. This allowed them to operate unauthorized chatbots, including those for inappropriate content.
Staying Protected
Mitigating these risks requires a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Regular software updates, employee training, robust network defenses, and reputable security solutions are essential for safeguarding against these evolving threats. A lot goes into keeping a business protected today. Talk to Horizon about a TotalCare Managed IT package for your business.